Wrestling has long been known as a physically demanding sport that requires intense training, discipline, and dedication; however, one aspect of the sport that often goes overlooked is its potential connection to eating disorders.  Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are life-threatening mental health conditions that can have detrimental effects on both physical and emotional well-being [1].  

Athletes are already at a heightened risk of developing these disorders due to the physical and mental demands of their sport.  The stress to perform at peak levels, maintain a certain body composition, and adhere to strict dietary guidelines can all contribute to disordered eating habits.  The likelihood of this only increases when sports place a significant emphasis on weight and body size [2].  

Wrestlers are under constant pressure to maintain a specific weight class in order to compete against opponents of similar size and strength.  This can lead to unhealthy eating habits and extreme weight cutting methods3 as athletes strive to meet the strict requirements imposed by the sport.  Specifically, they may engage in severe calorie restriction, excessive exercise, dehydration, and/or purging via self-induced vomiting or the use of diuretics or laxatives [2,3].  Moreover, the pressure to achieve a certain body size to be successful in their sport can create feelings of inadequacy or low self-worth if an athlete does not meet these expectations, further perpetuating these attempts to control their weight [3].  Coaches, teammates, and even parents may inadvertently contribute by placing an excessive focus on anthropometrics and normalizing unsafe practices rather than overall health and athletic performance [3]. 

Eating disorder behaviors can have serious consequences both in the short and long-term.  Athletes may experience fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and overall decreased exercise capacity [4].   Overtime the body can suffer from nutrient deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, and organ failure [4].  In addition to the physical health risks, eating disorders can significantly impact mental health leading to, or worsening, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem [4]. 

It is crucial for coaches, parents, and athletes themselves to be aware of the signs and symptoms of eating disorders in the wrestling community.  Weight fluctuations, obsessive thoughts about food and body, a preoccupation with the scale, and secretive behavior around eating may all be indicative of a larger issue [5].  If any of these signs are present, it is important to seek help from a healthcare professional, such as a physician, registered dietitian, and/or a sports psychologist, specifically trained in treating eating disorders.  

The issue of eating disorders in wrestling requires a comprehensive approach to tackle.  Coaches should emphasize the importance of fueling the body, rather than restricting or depriving it.  Athletes should prioritize their overall well-being rather than achieving a specific weight goal by listening to their bodies and ensuring adequate nutrition, hydration, and rest.  By promoting a healthy relationship with food, body, and weight management, we can help prevent the development of eating disorders among wrestlers and allow them to thrive in their sport.  

If you think you’re suffering from an eating disorder, be sure to schedule an appointment with a registered dietitian and Certified Eating Disorder Specialist (CEDS).  

References 

1. National Eating Disorders Association. What Are Eating Disorders? National Eating Disorders Association. Published August 7, 2018. Accessed July 21, 2024. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/what-are-eating-disorders
2. Karges K, Ekern J. Male Wrestlers and Bulimia – How Does It Happen? What Do Coaches and Parents Need to Know? Eating Disorder Hope. Accessed July 21, 2024. https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/risk-groups/eating-disorder-athletes/male-wrestlers-and-bulimia-how-does-it-happen-what-do-coaches-and-parents-need-to-know
3. Satterfield NA, Stutts LA. Pinning Down the Problems and Influences: Disordered Eating and Body Satisfaction in Male Wrestlers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2021;54:101884. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101884
4. National Eating Disorders Association. Health Consequences. National Eating Disorders Association. Published February 22, 2018. Accessed July 21, 2024. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/health-consequences
5. National Eating Disorders Association. Warning Signs and Symptoms. National Eating Disorders Association. Accessed July 21, 2024. https://nationaleatingdisorders.org/warning-signs-and-symptoms/